Nestled in the far east of India’s Assam state, on the enchanting south bank of the river Brahmaputra, lies the awe-inspiring Dibru-Saikhowa National Park and Biosphere Reserve. Spanning an area of 340 sq km, this pristine wilderness is renowned for its unspoiled natural beauty and flourishing biodiversity.
At an average elevation of 118 m (387 ft), ranging from 110 to 126 m (361 to 413 ft), the park is situated about 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) north of Tinsukia town. Its boundaries are gracefully formed by the Brahmaputra, Lohit, and Dibru Rivers, adding to its picturesque allure.
Dibru-Saikhowa encompasses a delightful variety of habitats, including canebrakes, grasslands, and lush mixed deciduous and semi-evergreen forests. This diverse landscape nurtures a thriving ecosystem, making it a haven for an array of wildlife and plant species.
Embark on an unforgettable journey to Dibru-Saikhowa to witness the wonders of nature and immerse yourself in the untouched charm of this remarkable sanctuary.
| 1 | Name of the National Park | Dibru-Saikhowa National Park |
| 2 | Year established | 1999 |
| 3 | Area in Sq Km | 340 sq km |
| 4 | Elevation in m | 70m to 120m |
| 5 | State / States spread in | Assam |
| 6 | Main Animals found | Royal Bengal tiger, Asiatic water buffalo, Gangetic dolphin, hog deer |
| 7 | Main Birds found | Greater adjutant stork, lesser adjutant stork, Baer’s pochard duck |
| 8 | Main reptiles found | Indian python, king cobra, Indian flapshell turtle |
| 9 | Best time to visit | November to March |
The history of Dibru-Saikhowa National Park dates back to the early 20th century when it was primarily used for logging and hunting by the local tribes. However, the forest was recognized for its unique biodiversity and ecological significance, and efforts were made to protect it from further degradation. In 1929, the British colonial administration declared the area as a Reserve Forest, and later in 1971, it was declared a wildlife sanctuary.
Geology
Dibru-Saikhowa National Park’s geological marvels are a testament to the Brahmaputra River’s enduring influence over the millennia. The park’s landscape is shaped by alluvial deposits, continuously amassed by the river’s sediments over millions of years. On the south bank of the Brahmaputra, this mesmerizing terrain unfolds, boasting a blend of sand, silt, clay, occasional layers of gravel and pebbles, and sandy soil with high water retention. This fertile ground nurtures dense forests and lush wetlands.
In this vibrant region, seismic activity is common, giving rise to frequent earthquakes. The earth’s movements have left a striking mark, creating numerous fault lines and fissures in the rock formations. These dynamic forces have forged the park’s distinct topography, making Dibru-Saikhowa a captivating blend of geological wonders and thriving ecosystems.
Forest Cover
Dibru-Saikhowa National Park is a tapestry of diverse ecosystems, primarily cloaked in tropical moist deciduous forest and tropical semi-evergreen forest. Interspersed amidst these are patches of Assam Valley semi-evergreen alluvial grasslands and bamboo brakes, adding to the park’s rich biodiversity.
The tropical moist deciduous forest showcases a splendid blend of broadleaf trees, shedding their leaves during the dry season. Among the prominent species are Indian rosewood, Hollong, Sissoo, Nahor, and Gamari.
On the other hand, the tropical semi-evergreen forest boasts a mix of broadleaf and evergreen trees, maintaining their foliage year-round. Hollock, Nahor, Tita Gach, and Bhelu are among the dominant tree species here.
As we traverse the park, we encounter alluvial grasslands, where tall grasses, sedges, and herbs thrive in the regularly inundated soil. Imperata cylindrica, Saccharum spontaneum, and Arundo donax are among the dominant grass species adorning these landscapes.
Moreover, bamboo brakes captivate with their dense thickets of bamboo, occasionally adorned with patches of trees and shrubs. Bambusa tulda, Dendrocalamus strictus, and Melocanna bambusoides are some of the prominent bamboo species found in these enchanting bamboo breaks. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park’s remarkable array of habitats ensures a vibrant haven for an abundance of flora and fauna.
Animals of Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
National Park is home to a rich and diverse array of wildlife, with several species of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians present in the park. Some of the notable animals that can be seen in the park include:
- Bengal tiger
- Indian elephant
- Clouded leopard
- Indian leopard
- Asiatic water buffalo
- Hoolock gibbon
- Assamese macaque
- Slow loris
- Indian wild dog (dhole)
- Sambar deer
- Hog deer
- Indian muntjac (barking deer)
Birds of Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
And home to over 300 species of birds, making it a popular destination for birdwatching enthusiasts. Some of the notable bird species found in the park include:
- White-winged wood duck
- Bengal florican
- Greater adjutant
- Black-breasted parrotbill
- Jerdon’s babbler
- Spot-billed pelican
- Pallas’s fish eagle
- Osprey
- Eurasian curlew
- Black stork
- Yellow-rumped honeyguide
- Great hornbill
- Blue-throated barbet
- Rufous-necked hornbill
- Grey peacock-pheasant
- Lesser whistling-duck
- Baikal teal
- Asian openbill
- Black-necked stork
- Grey-headed fishing eagle
Reptiles of Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
Dibru-Saikhowa National Park is home to a variety of reptiles, including several species of snakes, lizards, and turtles. Some of the notable reptile species found in the park include:
- King cobra
- Indian python
- Common krait
- Russell’s viper
- Indian rock python
- Monitor lizard
- Bengal monitor
- Assam roofed turtle
- Indian flapshell turtle
- Brown tortoise
- Common Indian monitor
- Indian skink
- Forest cane turtle
Best time to visit Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
The best time to visit Dibru-Saikhowa National Park is between November and March, during the winter months. During this time, the weather is cool and dry, with clear skies and comfortable temperatures, making it ideal for outdoor activities such as wildlife viewing and birdwatching. The park is closed to visitors during the monsoon season, from May to October, due to heavy rainfall and flooding. The summer months, from April to June, can be hot and humid, with temperatures ranging from 30°C to 35°C, making it less comfortable for outdoor activities.
Dibru-Saikhowa National Park provides numerous benefits to the local ecosystem, as well as to people and the economy. Some of the benefits of the park include:
- Biodiversity conservation: The park is home to a rich and diverse array of wildlife, including several endangered and threatened species. By protecting these species and their habitats, the park helps to maintain the natural balance of the ecosystem and preserve the biodiversity of the region.
- Ecotourism: The park attracts thousands of visitors each year, providing opportunities for ecotourism and nature-based recreation. This, in turn, supports the local economy by generating income and creating jobs for local residents.
- Carbon sequestration: The park’s forests play an important role in carbon sequestration, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in the trees and soil.
- Water regulation: The park’s wetlands and waterways play an important role in regulating water flow and reducing the risk of floods and droughts in the region.
- Scientific research: The park provides opportunities for scientific research and study, helping to advance our understanding of the local ecosystem and its inhabitants.
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