Deodar, also known as Cedrus deodara, is an evergreen tree native to the western Himalayan region, including India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. The tree is famous for its towering height and is one of the most prominent coniferous species in India. In Hindu mythology, Deodar is considered a sacred tree and is often associated with Lord Shiva. Apart from its cultural significance, the tree has also gained commercial and ecological importance.
| Tree Characteristic | Description |
| Common Name | Deodar |
| Scientific Name | Cedrus deodara |
| Maximum Height | 50-60 meters |
| Diameter When Mature | 3 meters |
| Years to Grow | 40-50 years |
| Economic Benefit to Farmers | Timber, Agroforestry, Medicine |
Physical Characteristics
Deodar trees can grow up to 60 meters in height, making them one of the tallest trees in the world. They have a conical shape with a straight cylindrical trunk and broad flat top. The branches of the tree grow horizontally, and the tree has a dense foliage of soft, needle-like leaves that are blue-green in color. The bark of the tree is grayish-brown, and the wood is highly durable and resistant to decay.
Ecological Role
Deodar trees play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of the Himalayan region. The tree has a deep root system that helps prevent soil erosion and stabilizes the soil on steep slopes. It also helps in retaining water, reducing surface runoff, and maintaining the water table. The dense foliage of Deodar trees provides shade, which helps in maintaining a cool and moist microclimate. Additionally, the tree is also known to have medicinal properties.
Importance to Birds, Animals, and Insects
The Deodar tree provides an essential habitat for many birds, animals, and insects. The tree’s dense foliage provides a safe and secure nesting ground for various bird species, including the Himalayan monal, Kalij pheasant, and Cheer pheasant. The tree’s fruit also provides an essential source of food for various bird species. The tree’s bark and needles are also used by various insects for nesting and hibernation.
States in India where the tree is found naturally
Deodar trees are found naturally in various states of India, including Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Arunachal Pradesh.
States where it is commercially grown
Apart from its natural range, Deodar trees are also commercially grown in various states, including Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan.
Commercial Growing of the Tree
Deodar trees are grown for their timber, which is highly valued for its durability and resistance to decay. The tree is grown on a large scale in commercial plantations, primarily in Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan. The tree is also grown in agroforestry systems, which provide various benefits, including increased soil fertility and reduced soil erosion.
Different Stages of Tree Growth
The Deodar tree has four stages of growth, namely the sapling stage, juvenile stage, immature stage, and mature stage. The sapling stage lasts for one to two years, and during this stage, the tree establishes its root system. The juvenile stage lasts for three to five years, and the tree grows up to 3-4 meters in height. The immature stage lasts for ten to fifteen years, and the tree grows up to 15-20 meters in height. The mature stage lasts for over twenty years, and the tree reaches its full height of up to 60 meters.
How Farmers are Benefited
Growing Deodar trees under agroforestry provides various benefits to farmers, including increased soil fertility, reduced soil erosion, and increased water retention. The tree’s timber is also highly valued and provides a source of income for farmers.
Harvesting
Deodar trees are typically harvested after twenty to thirty years of growth, depending on the desired timber quality. The tree’s timber is highly valued and is used for variousconstruction purposes, including furniture, flooring, and decorative woodwork. The tree’s bark is also used for medicinal purposes.
Conclusion
The Deodar tree is a significant species in India, known for its towering height and ecological and cultural significance. The tree’s dense foliage provides an essential habitat for various bird species, animals, and insects. Deodar trees are commercially grown for their highly valued timber, providing a source of income for farmers. Growing Deodar trees under agroforestry also provides various benefits, including increased soil fertility and reduced soil erosion. Overall, the Deodar tree is an important species that plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of the Himalayan region.
