Kadam (Neolamarckia cadamba) is a deciduous tree that is native to South and Southeast Asia, including India. It is commonly found in the forests of the Eastern Himalayas, the Western Ghats, and parts of the Indo-Burma region. The tree is known for its striking yellow and orange flowers that bloom from February to April, making it a popular ornamental tree in parks and gardens.
| Tree Characteristics | Description |
| Common Name | Kadam |
| Scientific Name | Neolamarckia cadamba |
| Maximum Height | 40-45 meters |
| Diameter when Mature | 2-2.5 meters |
| Years to Grow | 7-8 years |
| Economic Benefit to Farmers | Timber, fruit, honey, medicine |
Physical Characteristics
Kadam trees can grow up to a maximum height of 45 meters and have a straight, cylindrical trunk with a diameter of up to 1.2 meters. The tree has a spreading, umbrella-shaped crown, and its branches grow horizontally, forming a dense canopy. The leaves are large, broad, and shiny, with a dark green color, and the fruits are small, orange berries that attract birds and animals.
Ecological Role
Ecologically, the Kadam tree plays an important role in providing shade, regulating water flow, and preventing soil erosion. The tree is also known for its ability to absorb pollutants and harmful gases, making it a valuable asset in urban areas. Its flowers are a major source of nectar for honeybees and other insects, while its fruits and leaves are food for a wide variety of animals, including monkeys, deer, and birds.
Importance to Birds, Animals, and Insects
The Kadam tree is an important source of food and shelter for birds, animals, and insects. The tree’s flowers provide nectar to bees and other pollinators, while its fruits and leaves are consumed by birds and mammals. The tree’s dense canopy also provides shelter and nesting sites for a wide variety of birds.
Distribution in India Kadam trees
are found naturally in many states in India, including Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Karnataka.
Commercial Growing of Kadam Trees
Kadam trees are commercially grown for their timber, which is used for making furniture, plywood, and paper. The tree’s flowers are also used in the perfume industry to produce fragrances with a sweet, floral scent.
Different Stages of Tree Growth
Kadam trees go through several stages of growth, including germination, seedling, sapling, and mature tree. The tree can take up to 10 years to reach maturity, and it can live for up to 50 years.
Benefits of Growing Kadam Trees
under Agroforestry Kadam trees are often grown under agroforestry systems, which provide numerous benefits to farmers. The tree’s large canopy provides shade to crops, reducing evaporation and preventing soil erosion. Kadam trees also improve soil fertility by fixing nitrogen, and their leaves can be used as fodder for livestock.
Harvesting
Kadam trees are typically harvested for their timber when they reach maturity, which can take up to 10 years. The tree’s flowers can also be harvested for use in the perfume industry.
Conclusion
Kadam trees are an important part of India’s forest ecosystem, providing numerous ecological and economic benefits. The tree’s large canopy, beautiful flowers, and valuable timber make it a valuable asset for farmers and forest communities alike. As such, efforts should be made to promote the conservation and sustainable management of Kadam trees in India.
